离子推力器多模式化研究

为了实现离子推力器多模式化,分析了离子推力器功率宽范围调节限制因素,提出了两种宽范围调节策略;针对我国小行星探测任务,完成了30cm多模式离子推力器研制、功率宽范围调节限制条件确定、以及两种调节策略下多模式工作点设计及对比研究。结果显示,通过降低放电室磁场强度可延伸离子推力器最小稳定工作功率,提高束流均匀性,实现离子推力器更宽功率范围多工作点设计;功率宽范围调节主要是屏栅电压和束电流的宽范围调节,二者通过栅极导流系数限制和交叉限制而约束;推力随功率增加呈线性增加关系,比冲随功率的增加总体上呈先快速增加后趋于稳定的趋势;30cm多模式离子推力器在0.25kW～5kW内稳定工作,推力10mN～186mN,比冲1522s～3586s。     

Transient simulation of regression rate on thrust regulation process in hybrid rocket motor

The main goal of this paper is to study the characteristics of regression rate of solid grain during thrust regulation process. For this purpose, an unsteady numerical model of regression rate is established. Gas–solid coupling is considered between the solid grain surface and combustion gas.Dynamic mesh is used to simulate the regression process of the solid fuel surface. Based on this model, numerical simulations on a H2O2/HTPB(hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) hybrid motor have been performed in the flow control process. The simulation results show that under the step change of the oxidizer mass flow rate condition, the regression rate cannot reach a stable value instantly because the flow field requires a short time period to adjust. The regression rate increases with the linear gain of oxidizer mass flow rate, and has a higher slope than the relative inlet function of oxidizer flow rate. A shorter regulation time can cause a higher regression rate during regulation process. The results also show that transient calculation can better simulate the instantaneous regression rate in the operation process.     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室空气节流技术研究

为考察空气节流对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的影响,非定常数值模拟和地面实验相结合证实了空气节流可以实现超燃燃烧室燃料稳定燃烧,研究了节流位置、节流流量、节流撤去时间对节流效果的影响。结果表明:在燃烧室入口马赫数2,静温548.8K,静压101555.9Pa条件下,745mm处节流时,激波串稳定时间较短,稳焰失败;875mm处节流时,火焰稳定成功。随着节流流量和节流撤去时间的增加,燃烧越来越剧烈,壁面压力逐渐升高,可能影响进气道的起动,对于本文来流条件,30%入口空气流量作为节流流量是合适的,440ms以前撤去空气节流是恰当的。     

直流式喷注器设计

参阅国外文献并利用国内研究试验结果,论述了直流式喷注器的基本型式,给出了设计方法,包括喷嘴排列设计、排列计算。从喷注器设计的角度出发,提出了解决燃烧性能、燃烧不稳定性和冷却问题的途径;叙述了喷注器的制造工艺过程及加工方法。     

超低轨道卫星应用离子电推进技术方案

低地球轨道大气环境对诸如科学探测和对地观测卫星的阻尼作用十分明显,而且阻尼随太阳和地磁活动以及昼夜、季节交替变化范围宽。为了保证卫星轨道精度或飞行状态满足任务要求,需要利用推进系统对卫星受到的阻尼进行实时或间歇式补偿以实现轨道或飞行状态的保持。针对轨道高度220~268km的无拖曳飞行和轨道维持应用,基于卫星轨道阻尼变化和有效载荷指标要求分析,研究确定了离子电推进技术指标、推力调节方案、系统组成、推力控制方案和在轨应用策略,并对推力调节方案进行了试验验证。结果表明,与无拖曳飞行卫星任务匹配的离子电推进指标为推力调节范围1~20mN,推力分辨率优于12μN,与对地观测卫星轨道维持任务匹配的指标为推力调节范围1～25mN,推力分辨率100μN。研究提出的针对超低轨道卫星应用需求的高精度推力连续调节离子电推进技术方案,具有工程任务针对性和参考价值。     

Flow field characteristics,mixing and emissions performance of a lab-scale rich-quench-lean trapped-vortex combustor utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body

In this study, the low emission combustion technology of Rich-Quench-Lean (RQL) has been applied in Trapped-Vortex Combustor (TVC), and the combinative RQL-TVC shows a promising low emissions performance. By utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body, a lab-scale RQL-TVC was designed. The flow fields of RQL-TVC were measured by 2-D PIV and predicted by 3-D numerical simulation. Flow structures, radial profiles of normalized mean axial velocity, turbulence intensity and mixing level of the quench zone were analyzed. Results reveal that the dual-vortex and the single-vortex flow patterns both exist in cavities and quench zone of RQL-TVC, and the turbulence intensity is strong in the quench zone with some reverse flows. The spiral vortex was discussed by 3-D streamlines and the detail flow structures of the quench zone were analyzed based on the numerical results. The mixing level of the quench zone was determined, and results show that the quench device enhances the mixing level compared with TVC. Combustion efficiency and emissions performance were investigated experimentally, and results demonstrate that RQL-TVC has relatively higher combustion efficiency and lower emission index of CO, UHC and NO_x than the same size lab-scale TVC in present work.     

涡轮叶片尾缘复合通道的换热

采用热色液晶测温法,测量了涡轮叶片尾缘带隔板的复合通道的温度场,分析了射流冲击强化扰流柱通道内换热的机理,讨论了两通道间隔板的不同开孔结构对换热的影响.从工程应用的角度出发提出了几个换热评价指标,对不同开孔结构的隔板进行了换热评价.结果表明:冷气由第1通道进入,通过隔板上的孔不断由径向流动变为弦向流动后,对第2通道的扰流柱区形成冲击,最后由劈缝排出,提高了尾缘的换热;开孔均匀的隔板换热效果相对较好.     

带多孔板的APU进气系统气动性能实验

利用实验方法对一类带多孔板的辅助动力装置(APU)进气系统气动性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:两出口的总压恢复系数和总压畸变指数均随流量的增加不断降低.总压恢复系数在定总流量时略微下降,在定配比时几乎线性下降.总压畸变在周向上主要受多孔板无孔区影响,径向上主要受流道曲率影响.随开孔率增加,总压恢复系数不断增加.动力端不同开孔率下,总压畸变以径向畸变为主,负载端在小开孔率时以周向畸变为主,大开孔率时径向畸变成为主要因素.      

入口带倒圆结构的旋转长孔计算模型

通过对旋转长孔的各种复杂工况开展CFD仿真,对现有经验关联式进行修正,并基于流体网络法对修正后的计算模型进行开发,开发完成的模型采用计算流体力学商业软件Simerics进行验证,结果表明:该模型考虑了入口倒圆结构对流动的影响,对于旋转长孔的模拟准确度较高,在低雷诺数及超声速等各种流动状态下均具有较广的适用性,并且只需基本的几何特征参数即可进行一维数值模拟,因此可以作为二次空气系统一维数值仿真的标准化模型使用.      

缓冲气囊冲击减缓研究进展

本文从气囊缓冲机理出发对近年来国内外缓冲气囊进行了详细的分类和总结。缓冲气囊以其高效的缓冲性能、较轻的质量和低廉的成本等特性,成为重装空投防护与航天器软着陆技术领域的一个热点研究方向。本文首先介绍了密闭型气囊、排气型气囊和组合型气囊的性能和适用范围,讨论了各个类型气囊的优缺点。然后对气囊缓冲特性的数值仿真分析方法和分析模型进行了论述,对比了各类分析方法的原理与优缺点,并阐明了气囊优化设计的重要性和基本方法。此外本文还介绍了缓冲气囊研究的难点和应用前景以及需要进一步研究的问题。